June Birthstone: Pearl
June is one of three months with multiple birthstones: pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone. Pearl is the most traditional and widely recognised, while alexandrite is one of the rarest and most fascinating gemstones in existence.
Quick Facts
Colour
White, cream, and many other colours
Hardness
2.5–4.5 Mohs
Symbolism
Purity, innocence, and wisdom through experience
Alternate Stones
Alexandrite, Moonstone
What is Pearl?
Pearl is unique among gemstones because it is created by a living organism. When an irritant enters a mollusk, the creature coats it in layers of nacre (a combination of aragonite and conchiolin), eventually forming a pearl. Natural pearls are extremely rare; most pearls today are cultured, meaning a technician introduces the irritant intentionally. Alexandrite, June's other major birthstone, is a variety of chrysoberyl that changes colour dramatically depending on the light source, appearing green in daylight and red-purple under incandescent light.
Properties
Colour
Pearls come in white, cream, black, grey, pink, lavender, and golden shades. Alexandrite appears green to bluish-green in daylight and changes to red or purplish-red in incandescent light.
Hardness
Pearls are 2.5 to 4.5 Mohs, making them soft and requiring gentle care. Alexandrite is 8.5 Mohs, making it very durable.
Origins
Cultured pearls are produced in Japan, Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and China. Fine alexandrite is found in Russia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and East Africa.
Lustre
Pearls have a unique "pearly" lustre created by light reflecting from layers of nacre. Alexandrite displays vitreous lustre with its remarkable colour-change phenomenon.
History
Pearls are among the oldest known gems, with evidence of their use dating back over 5,000 years. In ancient Rome, pearls were the ultimate status symbol. Cleopatra famously dissolved a pearl in vinegar to win a bet with Mark Antony about hosting the most expensive dinner in history. Alexandrite was discovered in Russia's Ural Mountains in 1830 and was named after Tsar Alexander II. Its red and green colours matched the Russian imperial military colours, making it an instant national treasure.
Meaning & Symbolism
Pearl symbolises purity, innocence, and wisdom gained through experience. It has been associated with the moon, femininity, and integrity across cultures. In many traditions, pearls are believed to bring calm and balance. Alexandrite represents good fortune, creativity, and imagination. Its colour-changing nature is said to remind the wearer that life, like the stone, appears different depending on your perspective.
How to Care for Pearl
Pearls are the most delicate of all gemstones and require special care. Always put pearls on last when dressing and remove them first. Wipe with a soft, damp cloth after wearing. Never use ultrasonic cleaners, steam, or chemical solutions. Avoid contact with perfume, hairspray, and cosmetics. Store pearls separately from other jewellery in a soft cloth bag. Alexandrite, being much harder, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and is safe for ultrasonic cleaning.
Pearl Jewellery Ideas
Classic pearl stud earrings are a jewellery box essential that works with everything. A single strand pearl necklace remains one of the most elegant pieces a person can own. Modern designs mix pearls with gold chains or diamond accents for a contemporary twist. Alexandrite's colour-change makes it an extraordinary choice for a unique engagement ring or a special occasion piece that literally transforms with the setting.
Shop Pearl Jewellery
Looking for jewellery featuring pearl or similar stones? Explore our handcrafted collections designed with ethically sourced stones.