What is an emerald?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl coloured a rich, vivid green by traces of chromium and vanadium, and it is one of the four traditional precious gemstones alongside diamond, ruby and sapphire. Its colour ranges from a slightly yellowish green to a deep, saturated bluish green, with the most prized stones being a pure, intense green. Emeralds almost always contain natural inclusions and fractures, known in the trade as the jardin or garden of the stone, and it is considered normal and expected rather than a flaw. It is the birthstone for May and has been mined and treasured for thousands of years.
Frequently asked questions
- Why do emeralds have so many inclusions?
- Emeralds form under conditions that make perfectly clean crystals extremely rare, so most contain a network of internal fractures and mineral inclusions called the jardin. An inclusion-free natural emerald is exceptionally rare and priced accordingly; buyers are expected to accept inclusions as part of the stone's character.
- Are emeralds treated?
- The vast majority of natural emeralds on the market are oiled, meaning a clear or slightly coloured resin is used to fill surface-reaching fractures and improve clarity and colour. This is a standard, accepted practice in the trade, though it should always be disclosed.
- How do I care for an emerald ring?
- Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, which can drive cleaning fluid into fractures or dislodge any oil treatment. Warm water, a very soft brush and mild soap is the safest method. Keep it away from hard knocks since, despite being a hard stone, emeralds can fracture if struck.
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