What is a freshwater pearl?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
Freshwater pearls are cultured in freshwater mussels living in rivers and lakes, rather than in saltwater oysters. Farmers implant a small piece of tissue into the mussel, which then coats it in layers of nacre over several years. Because freshwater mussels can produce multiple pearls at once, freshwater pearls are more affordable than saltwater varieties, though quality has improved dramatically and top-grade freshwater pearls now rival Akoya pearls in lustre and roundness. They come in a wide range of shapes and natural colours.
Frequently asked questions
- Are freshwater pearls real pearls?
- Yes, freshwater pearls are real cultured pearls, made of genuine nacre produced by a living mollusc. Cultured simply means a farmer initiated the process; the pearl itself grows naturally inside the mussel.
- What is the difference between freshwater and saltwater pearls?
- Saltwater pearls, including Akoya, South Sea and Tahitian varieties, grow in oysters in the ocean and tend to be rounder and more lustrous on average, though they cost considerably more. Freshwater pearls grown in mussels have improved hugely in quality and offer great value.
- How do you care for freshwater pearls?
- Wipe them with a soft damp cloth after wearing to remove skin oils and perfume, and store them flat so the silk thread does not stretch. Keep them away from chemicals, acids and ultrasonic cleaners, and have the string reknotted every few years if you wear the piece regularly.
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