What is a gemstone?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
A gemstone is a mineral crystal, rock or organic material that is valued for its beauty, rarity and durability and cut or polished for use in jewellery or decorative objects. Most gemstones are minerals, like diamond, sapphire and emerald, but some are rocks like lapis lazuli and jade, and others are organic, like pearl, amber and coral. Diamonds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires are traditionally called precious stones, with all others classed as semi-precious, though these terms are largely convention and do not reflect market realities, since some semi-precious stones like fine alexandrite or paraiba tourmaline command extraordinary prices.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between precious and semi-precious gemstones?
- The four traditionally precious stones are diamond, ruby, emerald and sapphire. All others are semi-precious, though the distinction is more historic convention than a reliable guide to value or rarity, since many semi-precious stones are far rarer and more valuable than lower-grade rubies or emeralds.
- Are lab-grown stones still gemstones?
- Yes, lab-grown diamonds, sapphires and other stones are the same mineral species as their natural counterparts, just grown in controlled conditions. They have the same chemical composition, crystal structure and optical properties.
- What makes a good quality gemstone?
- Quality is judged on colour, clarity, cut and carat weight, the four Cs for diamonds, and a similar framework for coloured stones. Origin, treatments and rarity also affect value significantly.
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