What does imperfection mean in gemstones?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
In gemology, imperfection is a general term for any internal or external characteristic of a gemstone that affects its clarity, including inclusions, fractures, surface blemishes and crystal abnormalities. The word is used loosely in everyday language, though gemologists prefer more precise terms like inclusion for internal features and blemish for surface marks. Every natural gemstone has some level of imperfection, and for most stones the grade and visibility of those characteristics is a major factor in both value and appearance.
Frequently asked questions
- Is an imperfection in a gemstone always a problem?
- Not necessarily. Minor imperfections that cannot be seen with the naked eye have almost no effect on a stone's beauty, and some inclusions are considered identifying features rather than flaws. Certain gemstones like emerald are expected to have visible inclusions and are assessed and priced accordingly.
- What is the difference between an imperfection and an inclusion?
- Inclusion is the specific term for an internal feature, such as a trapped crystal, a feather or a cloud inside the stone. Imperfection is a broader, informal term that can cover both internal inclusions and external surface blemishes like scratches or nicks.
- Can imperfections in a gemstone be removed?
- Most internal inclusions cannot be removed or altered. Some surface blemishes can be polished out, though only if the imperfection is very shallow. Re-cutting a stone to remove a significant internal flaw usually results in a smaller stone.
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