What is a cultured pearl?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
A cultured pearl is a pearl grown inside a living oyster or freshwater mussel with the assistance of a pearl farmer, who implants a small nucleus or piece of mantle tissue to stimulate the mollusc to produce nacre around it. The resulting pearl has the same structure as a natural pearl, just started with human intervention rather than formed entirely by accident. Most pearls sold in jewellery today are cultured, including Akoya pearls from Japan, freshwater pearls from China, and South Sea and Tahitian pearls from the Pacific.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between a cultured pearl and a natural pearl?
- A natural pearl forms entirely by chance, with no human involvement, when an irritant accidentally enters a mollusc and it slowly coats it in nacre. Natural pearls are extremely rare today. A cultured pearl starts the same biological process but the irritant is deliberately introduced by a farmer, so the nacre growth is real but initiated on purpose.
- What does Akoya pearl mean?
- Akoya pearls are cultured saltwater pearls produced by the Pinctada fucata martensii oyster, mainly farmed in Japan. They are typically round, white or cream in colour, and are known for their bright, sharp lustre. Mikimoto, the famous Japanese pearl house, popularised this type.
- How do you care for cultured pearls?
- Pearls are organic and sensitive. Put them on after perfume and hairspray, wipe them gently with a soft cloth after wearing, and store them flat or in a soft pouch rather than in an airtight box, as they need a little humidity. The thread in a pearl necklace should be re-strung by a jeweller every few years.
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