What is a Biwa pearl?
By Jared James · Last updated 21 May 2026
Definition
Biwa pearls are freshwater cultured pearls that take their name from Lake Biwa in Japan, where they were first commercially cultivated in the 1920s and became famous for their distinctive elongated, irregular shapes. Unlike round saltwater pearls, Biwa pearls are often flat, stick-shaped or freeform, and they have a soft, silky lustre. Production in Lake Biwa declined significantly due to pollution from the 1970s onwards, so genuine vintage Biwa pearls from Japan are now relatively rare, and many elongated freshwater pearls sold today come from China.
Frequently asked questions
- What shape are Biwa pearls?
- Biwa pearls are characteristically irregular and elongated rather than round. They are often flat or stick-like, sometimes called rice or stick pearls, and their organic, freeform quality is considered part of their appeal.
- Are Biwa pearls still made in Lake Biwa today?
- Production in Lake Biwa reduced dramatically from the 1970s due to water pollution and environmental pressures, so true Lake Biwa pearls are scarce. Most freshwater pearls sold with a similar shape today are grown in China.
- Are Biwa pearls valuable?
- Authentic vintage Biwa pearls from Japan carry a premium because of their rarity and their role in pioneering freshwater pearl cultivation. Chinese freshwater pearls in similar elongated shapes are widely available and much more affordable.
Designing a ring
Talk through biwa pearl with us
Tell us what you have in mind, even if it is only a budget and a piece of jewellery type, and we will help you weigh up the options. We reply to every enquiry, usually within one business day.
Contact the studio